Properties of Textile Fiber:
To be a textile fiber it has some properties. The properties of textile fiber are given below:
Normally properties of textile fiber are three types
A) Physical Properties
B) Mechanical Properties
C) Chemical Properties
A) Physical Properties
1. Length
2. Fineness
3. Crimp
4. Maturity
5. Lusture
6. Softness
7. Resiliency
8. Work of rupture
9. Density
10. Appearance
11. Flexibility
12. Toughness
13. Elorgation
B)Mechanical Properties
-
Strength (Tenacity) (P.S.I)
-
Elasticity (Recovery percentage)
-
Extensibility (Breaking Extension)
-
Rigidity (Stiffness)
The mechanical properties of textile fibers include fiber strength, elongation, elasticity, abrasion resistance, modulus of elasticity. Fiber strength is the ability of fiber resistance to external damage, which largely determine the durability of the textile goods. Fiber strength is the absolute strength fibers to said fibers in a row it is under increasing load until fracture can bear the maximum load. Lecturer in units of its statutory Newton (N) or PCT Newton (cN). Over the past practice of using chocolate or kilograms force said.
Fiber strength with the thickness of fiber is related to the different thickness of the fiber so absolutely not comparable strength, so often used to indicate the relative strength of the fiber strength. Relative intensity is the unit linear density (per special or every once) fibers can bear the greatest tension. Legal units of measurement for the cow / special (N / tex), or determining cattle / Special (cN / tex). Over the past practice of using Chris / Dan said. The mechanical properties of Textile fibres is the response to applied forces and deformation. But we should know the strength of yarn can not be greater than the sum of the maximum strength of its component’s fibres.
C) Chemical Properties
1. Solubility in aqueous salt
2. Solubility in organic salt
Without above that properties fiber has also
1. Thermal Prperties
2. Torsional Properties
Properties of different fibers are given below:
Each fibre has particular properties which help us to decide which particular fibre should be used to suite a particular requirement. Certain fibre properties increase its value and desirability in its intended end-use but are not necessary properties essential to make a fibre. Thus it is very essential to know the individual aspects and specific properties of each kind of fibre.
Nylon Properties
Fiber Type : Nylon
Heat : Melts at 419F to430F.
Bleaches &Solvents : Will bleach.Degrades in mineral acids & oxidizing agents.
Acids & Alkalis : Insoluble in organic solvents Resists weak acids, inert to alkalis. Hydrolyzed by strong acids
Abrasion : Excellent
Mildew, Aging &Sunlight : Excellent resistance to mildew and aging. Prolonged sun exposure can cause degradation.
Polyethylene Properties
Fiber Type : Polyethylene
Heat : Melts at 525F
Bleaches &Solvents : Excellent
Acids & Alkalis : Excellent
Abrasion : Good to Poor
Mildew, Aging &Sunlight : Excellent resistance to mildew.
Spandex Properties / Lycra Properties
Fiber Type : Spandez® / Lycra®
Heat : Sticks at 350-390F. Melts above 500F.
Bleaches &Solvents : Good resistance to oxidizing agents. Poor resistance to bleaches.
Acids & Alkalis : Good
Abrasion : Good in diluted (weak), but degrades in strong acids & bases.
Mildew, Aging &Sunlight : Excellent aging and mildew resistance. Good resistance to sunlight.
Polyester Properties
Fiber Type : Polyester
Heat : Melts at 500F.
Bleaches &Solvents : Excellent
Acids & Alkalis : Good resistance to weak alkalis & weak acids. Moderate resistance to strong acids & alkali.
Abrasion : Excellent
Mildew, Aging &Sunlight : Excellent resistance to mildew, good aging. Degrades after prolonged exposure to sunlight.
Fiberglass Properties
Fiber Type : Fiberglass
Heat : Does not burn or melt
Bleaches &Solvents : Excellent solvent & bleach resistance.
Acids & Alkalis : Fair
Abrasion : Good
Mildew, Aging &Sunlight : Excellent
Aramid Properties / Kelvar Properties / Nomex Properties / Tarwon Properties / Technora Properties
Fiber Type : Aramid(Kelvar®, Nomex®, Tarwon®, Technora®)
Heat : Difficult to ignite. Does not burn or melt. Decomposes at 800F to 932F.
Bleaches &Solvents : Poor in bleach.Excellent solvent resistance.
Acids & Alkalis : Good in dilute acids & bases. Poor in strong acids & bases.
Abrasion : Fair to Good
Mildew, Aging &Sunlight : Excellent resistance to mildew & aging. Degrades when exposed to sunlight.
Flurocarbon Properties / Teflon Properties
Fiber Type : Fluorocarbon -Teflon® (PTFE)
Heat : Very heat resistant -350F to 550F. Melts at 620F.
Bleaches &Solvents : Essentially inert to bleaches & solvents
Acids & Alkalis : Excellent but effected by acids & alkali at high temperatures.
Abrasion : Good
Mildew, Aging &Sunlight : Excellent
Fiber Type : Nylon
Density (g/cc) : 1.14
Moisture Regain(%) : 2.8 to 5.0
Elongationat Break(%) : 17 to 45
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 4.0 to 7.2
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 400
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : N/A
L.O.I. : ----
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 216/419
Fiber Type : Polyester(PET)
Density (g/cc) : 1.38
Moisture Regain(%) : 0.4
Elongationat Break(%) : 15.3
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 9.2
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 998
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : 11.6
L.O.I. :----
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 256/493
Kevlar Properties
Fiber Type : Kevlar 29®
Density (g/cc) : 1.44
Moisture Regain(%) : 7
Elongationat Break(%) : 3.6
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 23
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 4,900
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.1
L.O.I. : 28
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 427/800 T
Fiber Type : Kevlar 49®
Density (g/cc) : 1.44
Moisture Regain(%) : 3.5
Elongationat Break(%) : 2.4
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 23.6
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 7,814
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.1
L.O.I. : 28
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 427/800 T
Fiber Type : Nomex®
Density (g/cc) : 1.38
Moisture Regain(%) : 4.5
Elongationat Break(%) : 28
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 4.9
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 839
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : 0.4
L.O.I. : 29-30
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 371/700 T
Vectran properties
Fiber Type : Vectran®
Density (g/cc) : 1.41
Moisture Regain(%) : < 0.1
Elongationat Break(%) : 3.3
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 23
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 4,635
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.5
L.O.I.: 35
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 330/625
Fiber Type : Technora®
Density (g/cc) : 1.39
Moisture Regain(%) : 2
Elongationat Break(%) : 4.6
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 28
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 5,209
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.5
L.O.I. : 35
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 330/625
Fiber Type : Twaron®
Density (g/cc) : 1.44
Moisture Regain(%) : 6.5
Elongationat Break(%) : 3.6
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 22.3
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 4,900
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.1
L.O.I. : 25
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 500/932 T
Carbon Properties / Graphite Properties
Fiber Type : Carbon / Graphite
Density (g/cc) : 1.77
Moisture Regain(%) : None
Elongationat Break(%) : 1
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 21.3
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : ----
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.1
L.O.I. : ----
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 315/600 T
Fiber Type : Fiberglass E-glass
Density (g/cc) : 2.54
Moisture Regain(%) : None
Elongationat Break(%) : 4.8
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 15.3
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 2,900
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.1
L.O.I. :----
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 1121/2050
Fiber Type : Fiber Glass S-Glass
Density (g/cc) : 2.48
Moisture Regain(%) : None
Elongationat Break(%) : 5.7
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 19.8
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 3,500
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.1
L.O.I.:----
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 1493/2719
Fiber Type : PBI
Density (g/cc) : 1.43
Moisture Regain(%) : 15
Elongationat Break(%) : 28.5
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 2.7
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 280
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : < 0.1
L.O.I. : 41
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 460/860 T
Fiber Type : PTFE (Teflon)
Density (g/cc) : 2.1
Moisture Regain(%) : None
Elongationat Break(%) : 35
BreakinBgTenacity(g/Denier) : 1.7
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 110
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : 7
L.O.I. : N/A
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 327/621 TT
Fiber Type : Spectra® /Dyneema®
PBIDensity (g/cc) : 0.97
Moisture Regain(% : < 0.1
Elongationat Break(%) : 2.7-3.5
BreakingTenacity(g/Denier) : 26 to 34
InitialModulus(CN/tex) : 10,595
ThermalShrinkage(@ 177 C) : N/A
L.O.I. : ----
MeltingPoint (C/F) : 147/297
T - Does not melt, begins to decompose
TT - Does not melt, but begins to Gel